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Tuberculosis TB and HV have been intertwined and makeup a deadly human syndemic worldwide, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. A total of research articles were identified, and 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The odds of getting incident TB was 2. Study protocol registration: CRD Tuberculosis TB is one of the major problems of mankind worldwide, especially after the emergence of HIV pandemic, TB is resurging mainly in resource limited areas of sub-Saharan Africa [ 1 ].
As a result of lymphocytopenia and downregulation of these immune cells, vulnerability to TB diseases is increased in HIV positive patients [ 6 , 7 ]. We have used the following terms in this meta-analysis; incident TB defined as all new TB cases from the begging to the last day of observation. It was calculated by dividing the number of new TB cases by total number of study participants at risk at the begging of observation, and times by Pooled incident TB described as an estimate considered from reported TB incidences of all included studies.
An inclusive literature search was made using PubMed, Cochrane library, Science Direct and Google scholar databases from June 1 to 30, Moreover, grey literature was also searched in google and from reference lists of pertinent articles to retrieve additional studies. Endnote version 7 Thomson Reuters, London reference manager software was used to remove duplicate entries and manage the citation process.
All original research articles conducted in Ethiopian settings that fulfill the following criteria were included in this meta-analysis. However, review articles, conference abstracts and proceedings, editorials and case reports, studies without full-text access, and studies that investigated patterns of drug resistance only without incidence were excluded.
