A global city [ a ] is a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network. The concept originates from geography and urban studies , based on the thesis that globalization has created a hierarchy of strategic geographic locations with varying degrees of influence over finance , trade , and culture worldwide. The criteria of a global city vary depending on the source. The term 'world city', meaning a city heavily involved in global trade, appeared in a May description of Liverpool , by The Illustrated London News ; [ 7 ] British sociologist and geographer Patrick Geddes used the term in Competing groups have devised competing means to classify and rank world cities and to distinguish them from other cities.
Global city rankings are numerous. It is based in the geography department of Loughborough University in Leicestershire , United Kingdom. GaWC was founded by Peter J. Taylor in The three tiers are further divided into subgroupings using plus and minus signs.
The categorization is based upon the author's views of "international connectedness", primarily shown through a regions advanced services firms, such as in accountancy, finance and law. In , the American journal Foreign Policy , working with the consulting firm A. Kearney and the Chicago Council on Global Affairs , published a ranking of global cities based on consultation with Saskia Sassen , Witold Rybczynski , and others.
Advisory firm Oxford Economics released its Global Cities Index in , ranking the world's largest 1, cities based on 27 indicators across five categories economics, human capital , quality of life , environment, and governance with more weight on economic factors.
The top ranked cities in are: [ 27 ]. They are ranked in six categories: economy, research and development, cultural interaction, livability , environment, and accessibility, with 70 individual indicators among them. The top ten world cities are also ranked by subjective categories, including manager, researcher, artist, visitor and resident.
