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Aug Posted by glhermine. The French referendum on the European Constitution, held on May 29 is an example of such a referendum whose impact was not only immediate but also long-term. The referendum has been treated, rightly or wrongly, by French political commentators as a watershed moment in contemporary French politics.
The argument goes that, prior to , French political leaders from the established political parties sought to win office most notably the presidency using fairly moderate discourse which did not wander too far off into populism. Since , however, more and more aspiring political leaders have structured their campaigns around attempts to harness the popular forces which gave the NO its remarkable victory in May Sarkozy built his winning coalition in through a very right-oriented rhetoric focused on law-and-order, work ethic, accountability, personal responsibility and a subtle anti-system and anti-incumbent message.
Sarkozy won, in good part, by harnessing the type of forces which had contributed to the success of the NO in The best way to answer this question is to actually take the time to analyse objectively the results of the May referendum, in particular the heterogeneous coalition behind the success of the NO vote. To set the referendum in historical perspective, it is also necessary, for our understanding of what wrought, to look back even further — twenty years ago — at the referendum on the other European treaty — the Maastricht treaty which created the EU.
Finally, to what extent was the referendum the result of this alleged people-elite divide? There are two perspectives for understanding the referendum. On the other hand, there is the more circumstantial view of the referendum which downplays its long-term significance and emphasizes instead its ephemeral, time-dependent anti-incumbent aspect.
Both approaches have their merits and both can explain the results of the referendum. To understand the results of the referendum, one must first place the event in its context. Held in May , the referendum took place in a political context in which the electorate was, by and large, very hostile to the incumbent government. The Chirac-Raffarin executive had been in power since June and had grown very unpopular.