Brazil is one of the countries with the largest population and areas of natural lands with the potential for the storage of excess atmospheric circulation of GHGs, especially CO 2.
The rapid growth of the human population has increased the demand for more food, shelter, and infrastructural developments such as transport and communication networks, industries, educational facilities, commercial arenas, recreational centers, and others. Thus, there has been a decline in the land areas of available natural land cover including forests, grasslands, savannahs, and soils have started to decline in sizes and qualities because of severe threats and degradations from anthropogenic activities coupled with climate changes.
To achieve the sustainable development goals SDGs 1 end of poverty , SDGs 2 zero hunger: food for all , SDGs 3 assured good health and well-being , SDGs 6 provisions of clear water and sanitation , SDGs 13 climate change combat actions , and SDGs 15 protection of life and land , the natural ecosystems and their indispensable services need to be restored and preserved.
Therefore, agricultural practices especially the crop-livestock-forest systems CLFs have been identified as the ultimate nature-based solutions NBS to tackle climate change and achieve most of the SDGs in Brazil. This review study established that agricultural practices especially the crop-livestock-forest systems CLFs are the ultimate nature-based solutions NBS to tackle climate change and achieve most of the SDGs.
It revealed that Brazil as third country in the world in agricultural production has made significant progress in the adoption of CLFs, especially in the southeast, south, central-west, and northeastern regions.
