Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Correspondence: A. Campylobacter species are among the most common causes of enteric bacterial infections worldwide. Men who have sex with men MSM are at increased risk for sexually transmitted enteric infections, including globally distributed strains of multidrug-resistant Shigella species.
WGS revealed nearly identical strains obtained from the 2 regions over a 4-year period. Examination of the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance revealed multiple macrolide resistance determinants including a novel ribosomal RNA methyltransferase situated in a CRISPR clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats array locus in a C. As previously reported for Shigella, specific multidrug-resistant strains of Campylobacter are circulating by sexual transmission in MSM populations across diverse geographic locations, suggesting a need to incorporate sexual behavior in the investigation of clusters of foodborne pathogens revealed by WGS data.
Men who have sex with men MSM are at increased risk for sexually transmitted enteric infections including shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, giardiasis, and viral hepatitis [ 1 ]. Sexually transmitted enteric pathogens in MSM are becoming increasingly resistant to first-line antimicrobial agents.
Global transmission of azithromycin-resistant Shigella flexneri serotype 3a associated with MSM has been shown across the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and Australia, and possibly Latin America, during the past 20 years [ 2 ].
Campylobacter species spp are common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide that have been recognized as a cause of sexually transmitted infections in MSM since before the onset of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV epidemic [ 7β9 ]. Although gradually increasing antimicrobial resistance in clinical Campylobacter isolates has been noted [ 10 ], a specific association between multidrug-resistant Campylobacter and MSM has been reported only sporadically.
