Introduction: The impact of multi-domain preventive interventions on older adults, in particular on those with higher risk to develop Alzheimer's disease AD , could be beneficial, as it may delay cognitive decline. However, the precise mechanism of such positive impact is not fully understood and may involve brain reserve and adaptability of brain functional connectivity FC. Methods: To determine the effect of multidomain interventions involving physical activity, cognitive training, nutritional counseling alone or in combination with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and vs.
Results: No global change in FC was detected after uni or multidomain preventive interventions. However, an effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation dependent on cognitive decline status was underlined for frontoparietal, salience, visual and sensorimotor networks FC. These findings were independent of the cortical thickness and vascular burden. Discussion: These results emphasize the importance of patient stratification, based on risk factors, for preventive interventions.
The appearance of clinical symptoms leading to a loss of autonomy in neurodegenerative disorders takes about 15 years after the development of brain physiopathological lesions.
This leaves a large time-window to initiate preventive treatments to slow down cognitive decline, or hopefully impede the onset of Alzheimer's disease AD Bhatti et al. Still, the most impactful prevention strategies and the right populations to be targeted remain to be identified. Clinical trials have evaluated the impact of multiple interventions on older adults' cognition, including physical activity, cognitive stimulation, mediterranean diet, cardiovascular prevention, or nutritional supplementation Brini et al.
Nutritional interventions have focused on multiple nutrients, although some supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids, have received particular attention. Indeed, they show protective effects against age-related processes such as neuroinflammation Joffre et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been associated with reduced memory Yurko-Mauro et al.
