International Journal of Arrhythmia volume 22 , Article number: 19 Cite this article. Metrics details. Minimally invasive and safe central venous access is imperative for lead insertion of cardiac implantable electronic devices CIEDs.
The purpose of this trial was to explore and compare the usability of the cephalic vein CV between both sexes. This single-center prospective study included consecutive patients in a period of six months. Pre-procedural contrast-enhanced venographic images of the upper arm were performed in all included patients.
Our attention was focused on comparing several morpho-anatomical CV characteristics such as venous diameter, presence of valves and angle of entrance of the CV into the subclavian vein SV. Study results concerning the CV morpho-anatomical differences were more favorable regarding the female patient group, with significant differences in CV diameter p There was also a difference in favor of the female group regarding the favorable CV angle of entrance into the SV, found in the The comparison of usability of the CV and CVC technique was explored by comparing the number of leads inserted through the CV in both sexes.
Two leads were implanted in Female patients have more favorable cephalic vein morpho-anatomical futures and better usability for lead placement than male patients. The number of cardiac implantable electronic devices CIED implantation procedures has been increasing exponentially in the past few decades [ 1 ]. Central venous access that is minimally invasive and safe is imperative for lead insertion of cardiac implantable electronic devices CIEDs such as permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy [ 2 ].
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Numerous reports have explained modification of CIED implantation techniques [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Needless to say that no account can totally cover all the implant techniques and their variations used by different operators. As any practical skill, written descriptions cannot replace the practical experience of a skilled implanter [ 3 ].
